Johan Gaume
Expertise
- Snow
- Avalanches
- Mechanics and geomechanics
- Computational mechanics
- Gravitational mass movements
- Rheology
- Fracture
Current work
- A Material Point Method for Alpine mass movements in a climate change context (SNF SPARK)
- Unified modeling of snow and avalanche mechanics (SNF Eccellenza)
- Multiscale modeling of snow and avalanche processes (SNF Ambizione)
- A Material Point Method for snow avalanche simulation (SNF International Short Visit)
- Discrete element modeling of snowflake fragmentation and wind-blowing snow
- Lead convener. Session «Challenges in measuring and modeling snow mechanics» IUGG 2019, Montreal, Canada.
- International workshop co-coordinator. «Computational methods for snow and avalanche release mechanics» ALERT 2019 Geomaterials conference, Aussois, France
- Principal organizer of the SLAM3 workshop (Slab Avalanche Multiscale Mechanical Modeling), Davos.
- Main director of 3 PhD students, supervision of 1 PostDoc and co-supervision of 2 PhD students
- Scientific reviewer for Nature Geosciences, Cold Region Science and Technology, Journal of Glaciology, Water Resource Research, International Journal of Solids and Structures, Geophysical Research Letters, Journal of Geophysical Research, The Cryosphere.
- Co-convener of the session "Snow and snow cover processes". EGU 2016-2017
- Lecturer in the master course "Physics and Hydrology of Snow". EPFL
- Co-editor. Special Issue «Relevance of snow microstructure study in cryospheric sciences » in Frontiers in Earth Sciences.
In 2013 I obtained a postdoc position at the WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF in Davos where I was in charge of developing and applying numerical models to improve the evaluation of avalanche release conditions and thus avalanche forecasting. While my PhD was mostly theoretical and numerical, my postdoc in Davos allowed me to gain a practical expertise by participating in laboratory and field experiments which helped to validate the models I develop.
In 2016, I was awarded a SNF grant to work as a research and teaching associate in CRYOS at EPFL on the multiscale modeling of snow and avalanche processes. I developed discrete approaches to model snow micro-structure deformation and failure in order to evaluate constitutive snow models to be used at a larger scale in continuum models. I also developed numerical models for wind-driven snow transport.
In 2017, I was a Visiting Scholar at UCLA to work on a Material Point Method (MPM) to simulate both the initiation and propagation of snow avalanches in a unified manner. The UCLA MPM model was initially developed for the Disney movie "Frozen" and has been modified and enriched based on Critical State Soil Mechanics to model the release and flow of slab avalanches. The results of this collaboration have been published in Nature Communications.
In 2018, I was awarded the SNF Eccellenza Professorial Fellowship and became professor at EPFL and head of SLAB, the Snow and Avalanche Simulation Laboratory. At SLAB, we study micro-mechanical failure and fracture propagation of porous brittle solids, with applications in snow slab avalanche release. We also simulate avalanche dynamics and flow regime transitions over complex 3D terrain through the development of new models (depth-resolved and depth-averaged) based on MPM.
In 2020, I obtained a SPARK grant to develop a new approach to simulate and better understand complex process chains in gravitational mass movements, including permafrost instabilities, rock, snow and ice avalanches and transitions to debris flows.
PhD students & PostDoc supervision
Bertil Trottet (EPFL SLAB)
Lars Blatny (EPFL SLAB)
Grégoire Bobillier (co-supervision, SLF)
Michael Kyburz (co-supervision, SLF)
Camille Ligneau (co-supervision, SLF)
Kavitha Sundu (co-supervision, SLF)
Francis Méloche (UQAR, Canada)
Minyang Wu (Southeast University, School of Civil Engineering, China)
PostDocs:
Xingyue Li (EPFL SLAB)- Alessandro Cicoira (EPFL SLAB)
Visiting:
- 2019: Stephanie Wang (PhD Student at UCLA)
Education
PhD
| Mechanics2009 – 2012 University of Grenoble
Master
| Mechanics and Physics2008 – 2008 Grenoble Institute of Technology
Engineering degree
| Soils, solids and fluids mechanics2005 – 2008 ENSE3, Grenoble Institute of Technology
Maths Sup - Maths Spé
| Mathematics and Physics2003 – 2005 Lycée Victor Hugo, Besançon
Professionals experiences
SNF Professor and head of laboratory
Visiting Scholar
Research and teaching associate
Visiting Scholar
Selected publications
Stress concentrations in weak snowpack layers and condition for slab avalanche release
Gaume J, Chambon G, van Herwijnen A, Schweizer J.
Published in Geophys. Res. Lett. 45(16) 8363-8369 in
Scaling laws for the mechanics of loose and cohesive granular materials based on Baxter’s sticky hard spheres
Gaume J, Loewe H, Tan S, Tsang L.
Published in Physical Review E (in press). 2017 in
Assessing snow instability in skier-triggered snow slab avalanches by combining failure initiation and crack propagation
Gaume J and Reuter B
Published in Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. (in press). 2017 in
Fragmentation of wind-blown snow crystals
Comola F, Kok J, Gaume J, Paterna E, Lehning M.
Published in Geophys. Res. Lett. 44, doi:10.1002/2017GL073039. 2017. in
Snow fracture in relation to slab avalanche release: critical state for the onset of crack propagation
Gaume J, van Herwijnen A, Chambon G, Wever N, Schweizer J.
Published in The Cryosphere, 11, 217-228. 2017. in
Temporal evolution of crack propagation propensity in snow in relation to slab and weak layer properties
Schweizer J, Reuter B, van Herwijnen A, Richter B, Gaume J.
Published in The Cryosphere, 10, 2637-2653. 2016 in
Estimating the effective elastic modulus and specific fracture energy of snowpack layers from field experiments
van Herwijnen A, Gaume J, Bair E, Reuter B, Birkeland K, Schweizer J.
Published in J. Glaciol., 62(236), 997-1007, 2016 in
Snow instability evaluation: calculating the skier-induced stress in a multi-layered snowpack
Monti F*, Gaume J*, Schweizer J. (* co-first authors).
Published in Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 775-788. 2016 in
Modeling of crack propagation in weak snowpack layers using the discrete element method.
Gaume J, van Herwijnen A, Chambon G, Birkeland K, Schweizer J.
Published in The Cryosphere, 9, 1915-1932. 2015. in
Granulation of snow: From tumbler experiments to discrete element simulations.
Steinkogler W, Gaume J, Loewe H, Sovilla B, Lehning M.
Published in J. Geophys. Res., 120, 1107-1126. 2015 in
A new mixed mode failure criterion for weak snowpack layers.
Reiweger I*, Gaume J*, Schweizer J. (* co-first authors)
Published in Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 1427–1432, 2015 in
Influence of weak layer heterogeneity and slab properties on slab tensile failure propensity and avalanche release areas.,
Gaume J, Chambon G, Eckert N, Naaim M, Schweizer J.
Published in The Cryosphere, 9, 795-804, 2014 in
Evaluation of slope stability with respect to snowpack spatial variability.
Gaume J, Schweizer J, van Herwijnen A, Chambon G, Reuter B, Eckert N, Schweizer J.
Published in J. Geophys. Res, 119, 2014 in
Evaluation of rupture Mohr-Coulomb parameters through finite element modelling of shaking plateform experiments
Podolskiy E, Chambon G, Naaim M, Gaume J.
Published in Nat. Hazard Earth Syst. Sci. in
A review of finite element modelling in snow mechanics
Podolskiy E, Chambon G, Naaim M, Gaume J.
Published in J. Glaciol., 59(218), 1189-1201, 2013 in
Influence of weak layer heterogeneity on slab avalanche release: Application to the evaluation of avalanche release depths.
Gaume J, Chambon G, Eckert N, Naaim M.
Published in J. Glaciol., 59(215), 423-437, 2013. in
Mapping extreme snowfalls in the French Alps using max-stable processes
Gaume J, Eckert N, Bel L, Chambon G, Naaim M.
Published in Water Resour. Res., 49(2), 1079-1098, 2013 in
Relative influence of mechanical and meteorological factors on slab avalanche release depth distributions
Gaume J, Chambon G, Eckert N, Naaim M.
Published in Geophys. Res. Lett., 39(12), L12401, 2012. in
Cross comparison of meteorological and avalanche data for characterizing avalanche cycles: the example of December 2008 in the eastern part of the southern French Alps
Eckert N, Coleou C, Castebrunet H, Deschatres M, Giraud G, Gaume J.
Published in Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 64, 119-136, 2011 in
Using spatial and spatial-extreme statistics to characterize snow avalanche cycles
Eckert N, Gaume J, Castebrunet H.
Published in Procedia Environmental sciences, 7, 224-229, 2011 in
Quasistatic to inertial transition in granular materials and the role of fluctuations
Gaume J, Chambon G, Naaim M.
Published in Phys. Rev. E., 84(5), 051304, 2011 in