An inherent characteristic of electrochemical processes is the fact that they are able to perform chemical conversions, without the use of reactants (for example oxidants) and, consequently, in most cases without the formation of by-products. This implies that electrochemical processes are in principle environment-friendly. Furthermore, electrocatalysis can find applications in electrochemical energy conversion devices (fuel cells). One important electrochemical reaction is the electrochemical oxygen transfer reaction (EOTR) in acid media for application in electrosynthesis and electroincineration of organic pollutants. The electrode material is clearly an important parameter when optimizing such processes. Two extreme classes of electrodes can be defined as active and non-active electrodes. At active electrodes, a surface redox couple can act as mediator in the EOTR, while in non-active electrodes weakly adsorbed hydroxyl radicals, formed by water discharge, are involved in the EOTR. Iridium dioxide based anodes forming the higher oxide (IrO3 / IrO2 redox couple) can be considered as typical active electrodes and boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes, having an inert character and weak adsorption properties, can be considered as non-active electrodes. The distinction between active and non-active behavior is supported by several experimental observations, including measurement of the concentration of reactive intermediates in the oxygen evolution reaction, such as hydroxyl radicals produced by discharge of water. Kinetic models or organics oxidation at active and non-active type anodes are proposed and confirmed by preparative electrolysis using different classes of organic compounds. The Non-Faradaic Electrochemical Modification of Catalytic Activity (NEMCA) of catalysts for environmental application is another subject of research activity of the GGEC. This activity consists of both fundamental research and cell development for practical application of the phenomenon.