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Giancarlo Ferrari Trecate

EPFL STI IGM SCI-STI-GFT
ME C2 398 (Bâtiment ME)
Station 9
1015 Lausanne

Expertise

Automatic control, Dependable control, Neural-network Control, Machine learning, Microgrids, Hybrid systems

Mission

Recent publications

Distributionally robust infinite-horizon control: from a pool of samples to the design of dependable controllers

J.-S. BrouillonA. MartinJ. LygerosF. DörflerG. Ferrari Trecate

IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control

2025

DOI : 10.1109/tac.2025.3560542

On the Guarantees of Minimizing Regret in Receding Horizon

A. MartinL. FurieriF. DorflerJ. LygerosG. Ferrari-Trecate

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL

2025

DOI : 10.1109/TAC.2024.3464013

Dependable learning and control through Neural ODEs

M. Zakwan / G. Ferrari Trecate (Dir.)

Lausanne, EPFL, 2025.

DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-11081.

Fleet Operations in Autonomous Mobility-on-Demand Systems: Vehicle Repositioning and Coordinated Route Planning

P. Zhu / N. GeroliminisG. Ferrari Trecate (Dir.)

Lausanne, EPFL, 2025.

DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-10914.

Erratum to “Learning to Boost the Performance of Stable Nonlinear Systems”

L. FurieriC. L. GalimbertiG. Ferrari‐Trecate

IEEE Open Journal of Control Systems

2025

DOI : 10.1109/ojcsys.2025.3529361

Parametrizations of all stable closed-loop responses: From theory to neural network control design

C. L. GalimbertiL. FurieriG. Ferrari-Trecate

Annual Reviews in Control

2025

DOI : 10.1016/j.arcontrol.2025.101012

Optimal Control under Uncertainty: From Regret Minimization to Distributional Robustness

A. Martin / G. Ferrari TrecateJ. Lygeros (Dir.)

Lausanne, EPFL, 2025.

DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-11090.

A PAC-Bayesian Framework for Optimal Control with Stability Guarantees

M. G. BoroujeniC. L. GalimbertiA. KrauseG. Ferrari-Trecate

2024. 63rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control , Milan, Italy , 2024-12-16 - 2024-12-19. p. 8237 - 8244.

DOI : 10.1109/cdc56724.2024.10886285.

Neural Distributed Controllers with Port-Hamiltonian Structures

M. ZakwanG. Ferrari Trecate

2024. 63rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control , Milan, Italy , 2024-12-16 - 2024-12-19. p. 8633 - 8638.

DOI : 10.1109/CDC56724.2024.10886616.

Optimal distributed control with stability guarantees by training a network of neural closed-loop maps

D. SaccaniL. MassaiL. FurieriG. Ferrari Trecate

2024. 63rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control , Milan, Italy , 2024-12-16 - 2024-12-19. p. 3776 - 3781.

DOI : 10.1109/CDC56724.2024.10886574.

Neural Exponential Stabilization of Control-affine Nonlinear Systems

M. ZakwanL. XuG. Ferrari Trecate

2024. 63rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control , Milan, Italy , 2024-12-16 - 2024-12-19. p. 8602 - 8607.

DOI : 10.1109/CDC56724.2024.10886677.

Regret optimal control for uncertain stochastic systems

A. MartinL. FurieriF. DorflerJ. LygerosG. Ferrari-Trecate

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CONTROL

2024

DOI : 10.1016/j.ejcon.2024.101051

Power grid parameter estimation without phase measurements: Theory and empirical validation

J. S. BrouillonK. MoffatF. DörflerG. Ferrari-Trecate

Electric Power Systems Research

2024

DOI : 10.1016/j.epsr.2024.110709

Hierarchical Control for Vehicle Repositioning in Autonomous Mobility-on-Demand Systems

P. ZhuG. Ferrari-TrecateN. Geroliminis

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONTROL SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY

2024

DOI : 10.1109/TCST.2024.3448300

Closing the Gap to Quadratic Invariance: A Regret Minimization Approach to Optimal Distributed Control

D. MartinelliA. E. MartinG. Ferrari‐TrecateL. Furieri

2024. 2024 European Control Conference (ECC) , Stockholm, Sweden , 2024-06-25 - 2024-06-28. p. 756 - 761.

DOI : 10.23919/ecc64448.2024.10591017.

A Coverage Control-Based Idle Vehicle Rebalancing Approach for Autonomous Mobility-on-Demand Systems

P. ZhuI. I. SirmatelG. Ferrari-TrecateN. Geroliminis

Ieee Transactions On Control Systems Technology

2024

DOI : 10.1109/TCST.2024.3375765

Unconstrained Learning of Networked Nonlinear Systems via Free Parametrization of Stable Interconnected Operators

L. MassaiD. SaccaniL. FurieriG. Ferrari-Trecate

2024. European Control Conference , Stockholm, Sweden , 2024-06-25 - 2024-06-28. p. 651 - 656.

DOI : 10.23919/ECC64448.2024.10591242.

Stable Linear Subspace Identification: A Machine Learning Approach

L. Di NataleM. ZakwanB. SvetozarevicP. HeerG. Ferrari-Trecate  et al.

2024. European Control Conference , Stockholm, Sweden , 2024-06-25 - 2024-06-28. p. 3539 - 3544.

DOI : 10.23919/ECC64448.2024.10590843.

Navigating the Loop: From Control Systems to Neural Networks and Back

C. Galimberti / G. Ferrari Trecate (Dir.)

Lausanne, EPFL, 2024.

DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-10264.

Estimation and control under uncertainty with application to power systems

J.-S. Brouillon / G. Ferrari TrecateF. Dörfler (Dir.)

Lausanne, EPFL, 2024.

DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-11079.

Learning to Boost the Performance of Stable Nonlinear Systems

L. FurieriC. L. GalimbertiG. Ferrari-Trecate

IEEE Open Journal of Control Systems

2024

DOI : 10.1109/OJCSYS.2024.3441768

SIMBa: System Identification Methods Leveraging Backpropagation

L. Di NataleM. ZakwanP. HeerG. Ferrari-TrecateC. N. Jones

IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology

2024

DOI : 10.1109/TCST.2024.3477301

Distributionally Robust Infinite-horizon Control: from a pool of samples to the design of dependable controllers

J.-S. BrouillonA. MartinJ. LygerosF. DörflerG. Ferrari Trecate

2023

Data-enabled Predictive Control for Empty Vehicle Rebalancing

P. ZhuG. Ferrari TrecateN. Geroliminis

2023. 21st European Control Conference (ECC 23) , Bucharest, Romania , 13-16 June, 2023.

DOI : 10.23919/ECC57647.2023.10178140.

Near-Optimal Design of Safe Output-Feedback Controllers From Noisy Data

L. FurieriB. GuoA. MartinG. Ferrari-Trecate

Ieee Transactions On Automatic Control

2023

DOI : 10.1109/TAC.2022.3180692

Bayesian Error-in-Variables Models for the Identification of Distribution Grids

J.-S. BrouillonE. FabbianiP. NahataK. MoffatF. Dorfler  et al.

Ieee Transactions On Smart Grid

2023

DOI : 10.1109/TSG.2022.3211546

Hamiltonian Deep Neural Networks Guaranteeing Non-Vanishing Gradients by Design

C. GalimbertiL. FurieriL. XuG. Ferrari Trecate

IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control

2023

DOI : 10.1109/TAC.2023.3239430

On the Optimality and Convergence Properties of the Iterative Learning Model Predictive Controller

U. RosoliaY. LianE. MaddalenaG. Ferrari-TrecateC. Jones

IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control

2023

DOI : 10.1109/TAC.2022.3148227

Regularization for distributionally robust state estimation and prediction

J.-S. BrouillonF. DörflerG. Ferrari Trecate

2023

DOI : 10.48550/arxiv.2304.09921

Safe Zeroth-Order Optimization Using Linear Programs

B. GuoY. WangY. JiangM. KamgarpourG. Ferrari-Trecate

2023. 62nd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) , Singapore, SINGAPORE , DEC 13-15, 2023. p. 556 - 561.

Safe Zeroth-Order Convex Optimization Using Quadratic Local Approximations

B. GuoY. JiangM. KamgarpourG. Ferrari Trecate

2023. 21st European Control Conference - ECC2023 , Bucharest, Romania , June 13-16, 2023.

DOI : 10.23919/ECC57647.2023.10178374.

Maximum likelihood estimation of distribution grid topology and parameters from Smart Meter data

L. LaurentJ.-S. BrouillonG. Ferrari-Trecate

2023. IEEE PES Grid Edge Technologies Conference and Exposition (Grid Edge) , San Diego, CA , Apr 10-13, 2023.

DOI : 10.1109/GridEdge54130.2023.10102720.

Physically Consistent Neural ODEs for Learning Multi-Physics Systems

M. ZakwanL. Di NataleB. SvetozarevicP. HeerC. Jones  et al.

2023. 22nd IFAC World Congress , Yokohama, Japan , July 9-14, 2023. p. 5855 - 5860.

DOI : 10.1016/j.ifacol.2023.10.079.

Minimal regret state estimation of time-varying systems

J.-S. BrouillonF. DorflerG. F. Trecate

2023. 22nd World Congress of the International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC) , Yokohama, JAPAN , JUL 09-14, 2023. p. 2595 - 2600.

DOI : 10.1016/j.ifacol.2023.10.1345.

Data-Driven Control and Optimization under Noisy and Uncertain Conditions

B. Guo / G. Ferrari TrecateM. Kamgarpour (Dir.)

Lausanne, EPFL, 2023.

DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-10304.

Universal Approximation Property of Hamiltonian Deep Neural Networks

M. ZakwanM. d'AngeloG. Ferrari-Trecate

Ieee Control Systems Letters

2023

DOI : 10.1109/LCSYS.2023.3288350

Neural Energy Casimir Control for Port-Hamiltonian Systems

L. XuM. ZakwanG. Ferrari Trecate

2022. 2022 IEEE 61st Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) , Cancun, Mexico , December 6-9, 2022.

DOI : 10.1109/CDC51059.2022.9992784.

A Unified Passivity-Based Framework for Control of Modular Islanded AC Microgrids

F. StrehleP. NahataA. J. MalanS. HohmannG. Ferrari-Trecate

Ieee Transactions On Control Systems Technology

2022

DOI : 10.1109/TCST.2021.3136489

Optimal Adaptive Droop Design via a Modified Relaxation of the OPF

H. SekhavatmaneshG. Ferrari-TrecateS. Mastellone

Ieee Transactions On Control Systems Technology

2022

DOI : 10.1109/TCST.2022.3183164

Robust Classification Using Contractive Hamiltonian Neural ODEs

M. ZakwanL. XuG. Ferrari-Trecate

Ieee Control Systems Letters

2022

DOI : 10.1109/LCSYS.2022.3186959

Empty Vehicle Repositioning for Autonomous Mobility-on-Demand systems via Coverage Control

P. ZhuI. I. SirmatelG. Ferrari TrecateN. Geroliminis

2022. the 10th symposium of the European Association for Research in Transportation (hEART) , Leuven, Belgium , June 1-3 , 2022.

Distributed neural network control with dependability guarantees: a compositional port-Hamiltonian approach

L. FurieriC. GalimbertiM. ZakwanG. Ferrari Trecate

2022. 4th Annual Conference on Learning for Dynamics and Control , Stanford, California, USA , June 23-24, 2022. p. 571 - 583.

Consensus-Based Current Sharing and Voltage Balancing in DC Microgrids with Exponential Loads

P. NahataM. S. TuranG. Ferrari Trecate

IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology

2022

DOI : 10.1109/TCST.2021.3120321

Data-driven and Safe Networked Control with Applications to Microgrids

M. S. Turan / G. Ferrari Trecate (Dir.)

Lausanne, EPFL, 2022.

DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-9185.

Finite-sample-based Spectral Radius Estimation and Stabilizability Test for Networked Control Systems

L. XuB. GuoG. Ferrari-Trecate

2022. European Control Conference (ECC) , London, ENGLAND , Jul 12-15, 2022. p. 2087 - 2092.

DOI : 10.23919/ECC55457.2022.9838044.

Data-Driven Unknown-Input Observers and State Estimation

M. S. TuranG. Ferrari-Trecate

IEEE Control Systems Letters

2022

DOI : 10.1109/LCSYS.2021.3102821

Identification of AC Distribution Networks With Recursive Least Squares and Optimal Design of Experiment

E. FabbianiP. NahataG. De NicolaoG. Ferrari-Trecate

Ieee Transactions On Control Systems Technology

2022

DOI : 10.1109/TCST.2021.3116856

Idle-vehicle Rebalancing Coverage Control for Ride-sourcing systems

P. ZhuI. I. SirmatelG. F. TrecateN. Geroliminis

2022. European Control Conference (ECC) , London, ENGLAND , Jul 12-15, 2022. p. 1970 - 1975.

DOI : 10.23919/ECC55457.2022.9838069.

Neural System Level Synthesis: Learning over All Stabilizing Policies for Nonlinear Systems

L. FurieriC. GalimbertiG. Ferrari Trecate

2022. 61st IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) , Cancún, Mexico , December 6-9, 2022.

DOI : 10.1109/CDC51059.2022.9992492.

Optimal control configuration in distribution network via an exact OPF relaxation method

H. SekhavatmaneshG. Ferrari-TrecateS. Mastellone

2022. IEEE 61st Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) , Cancun, MEXICO , Dec 06-09, 2022. p. 5698 - 5704.

DOI : 10.1109/CDC51059.2022.9993413.

Learning Robustly Safe Output Feedback Controllers from Noisy Data with Performance Guarantees

L. FurieriA. MartinB. GuoG. Ferrari Trecate

2021

Supervised model predictive control of large-scale electricity networks via clustering methods

A. La BellaP. KlausG. Ferrari-TrecateR. Scattolini

Optimal Control Applications & Methods

2021

DOI : 10.1002/oca.2725

On Consensusability of Linear Interconnected Multi-Agent Systems and Simultaneous Stabilization

M. S. TuranL. XuG. Ferrari Trecate

IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems

2021

DOI : 10.1109/TCNS.2021.3106446

Hierarchical Control of Islanded Microgrids with Flexible Structures

P. Nahata / G. Ferrari Trecate (Dir.)

Lausanne, EPFL, 2021.

DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-8775.

Bayesian Methods for the Identification of Distribution Networks

J.-S. BrouillonE. FabbianiP. NahataF. DörflerG. Ferrari Trecate

2021. 2021 IEEE 60th Annual Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) , Austin, Texas, USA , December 13-17, 2021. p. 3646 - 3651.

DOI : 10.1109/CDC45484.2021.9683503.

A unified framework for Hamiltonian deep neural networks

C. GalimbertiL. XuG. Ferrari Trecate

2021. Learning for Dynamics and Control , Online , June 7-8, 2021. p. 275 - 286.

Actuator Placement for Structural Controllability beyond Strong Connectivity and towards Robustness

B. GuoO. KaracaS. AzhdariM. KamgarpourG. Ferrari-Trecate

2021. 60th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) , ELECTR NETWORK , Dec 13-17, 2021. p. 5294 - 5299.

DOI : 10.1109/CDC45484.2021.9683002.

A Behavioral Input-Output Parametrization of Control Policies with Suboptimality Guarantees

L. FurieriB. GuoA. MartinG. Ferrari-Trecate

2021. 60th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) , ELECTR NETWORK , Dec 13-17, 2021. p. 2539 - 2544.

DOI : 10.1109/CDC45484.2021.9683647.

On Existence of Equilibria, Voltage Balancing, and Current Sharing in Consensus-Based DC Microgrids

P. NahataG. Ferrari Trecate

2020. European Control Conference (ECC 20) , Saint Petersburg, Russia , May 12‑15, 2020. p. 1216 - 1223.

DOI : 10.23919/ECC51009.2020.9143766.

Hierarchical Control in Islanded DC Microgrids With Flexible Structures

P. NahataA. L. BellaR. ScattoliniG. Ferrari Trecate

IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology

2020

DOI : 10.1109/TCST.2020.3038495

A Distributed Cyber-Attack Detection Scheme With Application to DC Microgrids

A. J. GalloM. S. TuranF. BoemT. ParisiniG. Ferrari Trecate

IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control

2020

DOI : 10.1109/TAC.2020.2982577

Consensusability of linear interconnected multi-agent systems

M. S. TuranL. XuG. Ferrari-Trecate

2020. 21st IFAC World Congress on Automatic Control - Meeting Societal Challenges , ELECTR NETWORK , Jul 11-17, 2020. p. 2915 - 2920.

DOI : 10.1016/j.ifacol.2020.12.965.

A Passivity-Based Approach to Voltage Stabilization in DC Microgrids with ZIP loads

P. NahataR. SolopertoM. TucciA. MartinelliG. Ferrari Trecate

Automatica

2020

DOI : 10.1016/j.automatica.2019.108770

Suboptimal Distributed LQR Design for Physically Coupled Systems

L. XuB. GuoC. GalimbertiM. FarinaR. Carli  et al.

2020. 21st IFAC World Congress on Automatic Control - Meeting Societal Challenges , ELECTR NETWORK , Jul 11-17, 2020. p. 11032 - 11037.

DOI : 10.1016/j.ifacol.2020.12.227.

A scalable, line-independent control design algorithm for voltage and frequency stabilization in AC islanded microgrids

M. TucciG. Ferrari-Trecate

Automatica

2020

DOI : 10.1016/j.automatica.2019.108577

Approximate Kron Reduction Methods for Electrical Networks With Applications to Plug-and-Play Control of AC Islanded Microgrids

A. FloriduzM. TucciS. RiversoG. Ferrari-Trecate

IEEE Transactions On Control Systems Technology

2019

DOI : 10.1109/TCST.2018.2863645

Distributed Fault Detection for Interconnected Large-Scale Systems: A Scalable Plug & Play Approach

F. BoemR. CarliM. FarinaG. Ferrari-TrecateT. Parisini

Ieee Transactions On Control Of Network Systems

2019

DOI : 10.1109/TCNS.2018.2878500

Stability Analysis of Primary Plug-and-Play and Secondary Leader-Based Controllers for DC Microgrid Clusters

R. HanM. TucciA. MartinelliJ. M. GuerreroG. Ferrari-Trecate

IEEE Transactions on Power Systems

2019

DOI : 10.1109/TPWRS.2018.2884876

Distributed attack detection scheme for islanded DC microgrids

A. J. GalloM. S. TuranP. NahataF. BoemT. Parisini  et al.

Future Electric Power Systems and the Energy Transition, Champéry, Switzerland, February 3-8, 2019.

Passivity-based Voltage and Frequency Stabilization in AC microgrids

P. NahataG. Ferrari Trecate

2019. 18th European Control Conference (ECC) , Naples, Italy , June 25-28, 2019. p. 1890 - 1895.

DOI : 10.23919/ECC.2019.8796119.

Plug-and-Play Fault Detection and Isolation for Large-Scale Nonlinear Systems With Stochastic Uncertainties

F. BoemS. RiversoG. Ferrari-TrecateT. Parisini

IEEE Transactions On Automatic Control

2019

DOI : 10.1109/TAC.2018.2811469

A Supervisory Control Structure for Voltage-Controlled Islanded DC Microgrids

A. La BellaP. NahataG. Ferrari Trecate

2019. 58th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control , Nice, France , December 11-13, 2019. p. 6566 - 6571.

DOI : 10.1109/CDC40024.2019.9029612.

Voltage Stabilization in MVDC Microgrids Using Passivity-Based Nonlinear Control

A. MartinelliP. NahataG. Ferrari-Trecate

2018. 57th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) , Miami Beach, FL , Dec 17-19, 2018. p. 7022 - 7027.

DOI : 10.1109/CDC.2018.8618882.

Distributed watermarking for secure control of microgrids under replay attacks

A. J. GalloM. S. TuranF. BoemG. Ferrari TrecateT. Parisini

2018. 7th IFAC Workshop on Distributed Estimation and Control in Networked Systems (NECSYS) , Groningen, The Netherlands , August 27-28, 2018. p. 182 - 187.

DOI : 10.1016/j.ifacol.2018.12.032.

Distributed Cyber-Attack Detection in the Secondary Control of DC Microgrids

A. J. GalloM. S. TuranP. NahataF. BoemT. Parisini  et al.

2018. European Control Conference (ECC) , Limassol, CYPRUS , Jun 12-15, 2018. p. 351 - 356.

DOI : 10.23919/ECC.2018.8550549.

A Passivity-Based Approach to Voltage Stabilization in DC Microgrids

R. SolopertoP. NahataM. TucciG. Ferrari Trecate

2018. Annual American Control Conference (ACC 2018) , Milwaukee, WI, USA , June 27-29, 2018. p. 5374 - 5379.

DOI : 10.23919/ACC.2018.8431522.

Distributed Cyber-Attack Detection in the Secondary Control of DC Microgrids

A. J. GalloM. S. TuranP. NahataF. BoemT. Parisini  et al.

2018. European Control Conference 2018 , Limassol, Cyprus . p. 344 - 349.

DOI : 10.23919/ECC.2018.8550549.

Distributed watermarking for secure control of microgrids under replay attacks

A. J. GalloM. S. TuranF. BoemG. Ferrari TrecateT. Parisini

2018

Plug-and-play design of current controllers for grid-feeding converters in DC microgrids

R. HanM. TucciR. SolopertoJ. M. GuerreroG. Ferrari Trecate

2017. 11th Asian Control Conference (ASCC 2017) , Gold Coast, QLD, Australia , December 17-20, 2017. p. 2182 - 2187.

DOI : 10.1109/ASCC.2017.8287513.

A distributed attack detection method for multi-agent systems governed by consensus-based control

F. BoemA. GalloG. Ferrari TrecateT. Parisini

2017. 56th Annual Conference on Decision and Control (CDC 2017) , Melbourne, Australia , December 12-15, 2017. p. 5961 - 5966.

DOI : 10.1109/CDC.2017.8264562.

Decentralized and distributed robust control invariance for constrained linear systems

S. RiversoK. KouramasG. Ferrari Trecate

2017. 56th Annual Conference on Decision and Control (CDC 2017) , Melbourne, Australia , December 12-15, 2017. p. 5978 - 5984.

DOI : 10.1109/CDC.2017.8264564.

Review on Control of DC Microgrids

L. MengQ. ShafieeG. Ferrari TrecateH. KarimiD. Fulwani  et al.

IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics

2017

DOI : 10.1109/JESTPE.2017.2690219

Tube-based distributed control of linear constrained systems

S. RiversoG. Ferrari Trecate

Automatica

2012

DOI : 10.1016/j.automatica.2012.08.024

PhD Students

https://people.epfl.ch/297216?lang=en, https://people.epfl.ch/317337?lang=en, https://people.epfl.ch/352018?lang=en, https://people.epfl.ch/359571?lang=en, https://people.epfl.ch/375901?lang=en, https://people.epfl.ch/387900?lang=en, https://people.epfl.ch/396785?lang=en, https://people.epfl.ch/404101?lang=en, https://people.epfl.ch/406855?lang=en

Past EPFL PhD Students

Pulkit Nahata, Mustafa Sahin Turan, Baiwei Guo, Jean-Sébastien Brouillon, Clara Galimberti, http://dx.doi.org/10.5075/epfl-thesis-11081, http://dx.doi.org/10.5075/epfl-thesis-11090

http://dx.doi.org/10.5075/epfl-thesis-10914

Courses

Multivariable control

ME-422

This course covers methods for the analysis and control of systems with multiple inputs and outputs, which are ubiquitous in modern technology and industry. Special emphasis will be placed on discrete-time systems due to their relevance to digital and embedded control architectures.

Networked control systems

ME-427

This course offers an introduction to control systems using communication networks for interfacing sensors, actuators, controllers, and processes. Challenges due to network non-idealities and opportunities offered by communication will be analyzed.